What is Vitamin D ?
Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin which plays a crucial role in the maintenance of healthy teeth and bones, supporting the immune system and regulating various functions and cellular pathways.
There are two main forms of Vitamin D: D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol). D2 is mainly from plant sources while D3 can be synthesised by the skin is response to sunlight and can be found in low levels in animal-based foods.
How does it work on a cellular level?
Vitamin D helps regulate the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestines, essential minerals for bone health. adequate levels of vitamin D are crucial for the development and maintenance of strong and healthy bones, preventing the development of Rickets and Osteomalacia.
Risk factors of Vitamin D deficiency- especially to people in the UK?
With where the UK is situated globally, there is very low sunlight intensity especially in the summer months (early April to late September). During the summer months there is the understanding that short periods of time are sufficient to maintain suitable Vitamin D levels unfortunately due to modern indoor lifestyles and use of sun protection this inhibits the absorption of Vitamin C. This leaves many people in the UK at risk of low vitamin D levels, risks which include bone and musculoskeletal pain.
References:
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium. (2011). Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington (DC): National Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56070/
Plotnikoff, G. A., & Quigley, J. M. (2003). Prevalence of severe hypovitaminosis D in patients with persistent, nonspecific musculoskeletal pain. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 78(12), 1463-1470. https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(11)62158-4/fulltext
Holick, M. F. (2007). Vitamin D deficiency. The New England Journal of Medicine, 357(3), 266-281. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra070553
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